Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Ghozi Nashiruddin

Institutions
(a) Lecturer of Material Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60117, Indonesia
(b) Graduate of Material Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60117, Indonesia
(c) Student of Material Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60117, Indonesia

Abstract
CUI is a form of corrosion caused by the presence of water vapor in pipeline insulation materials. Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is difficult to observe, since the corrosion occurs between the surface of the pipe and the insulating material placed on the outer surface of the pipe. This research has purpose to know the influence of variation of fluid temperature in and variation of coating type to corrosion characteristics of outer part of steel pipe ASTM A53 Grade B with insulation material of silica aerogel and alumunium foil. Pipes to be tested at internal fluid temperature of 50oC, 60oC and 70oC with variations of epoxy, alkyd, PTFE and polyurethane coatings. With outside environmental conditions using 150ppm NaCl content. The circuit will be tested for 14 days with the immerse method. To analyze the corrosion characteristics that occur are used OM, SEM, XRD, and Weight Loss test. OM test results show that as the coating temperature rise will be damaged. While the SEM results showed that the type of corrosion that arises is uniform corrosion. For weight loss test showed that with increasing temperature the corrosion rate is increasing with coating efficiency of highest to low coating is epoxy, PTFE, PU and alkyd.. While XRD test results show that corrosion product is FeS , FeCl2 dan Fe2O3.

Keywords
CUI; Silica Aerogel; Coating; Temperature

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/C9nFmdquy7Tp

Corresponding Author
Tri Partuti

Institutions
University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
The use of renewable energy such as hydrogen gas as fuel is still very lacking due to difficulties of its storage. Hydrogen storage material is focused on developing porous material. Chicken feather is one of the organic wastes that can be used as porous activated carbon. The samples made in powder and briquette form. The activation process was carried out physically with variation in time 30, 60 and 90 minutes, temperature 500 °C and flow rate of nitrogen 0.3 L/minute. The carbon content from carbonization of chicken feathers is 62.85% using ultimate analysis. The activated carbon analysed with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) show that surface area for powder sample with activation time 30, 60 and 90 minutes is 79.28 m2/g, 128.28 m2/g and 332.49 m2/g, respectively. The surface area for briquette sample with activation time 30, 60 and 90 minutes is 741.37 m2/g, 150.55 m2/g and 162.65 m2/g, respectively. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results show that pores appear on the briquette sample are much more and more visible than the powder sample.

Keywords
hydrogen storage, chicken feather, activated carbon, activation time, surface area

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DT6WzLZUMPq7

Corresponding Author
Anistasia Milandia

Institutions
Department of Metallurgy Engginering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
Direct Reduction is one of the process to converted iron ore into metallic iron. The conversion of iron oxide into metallic iron occurs through saveral stages of intermediate phase. This intermediate phase included of hematite, magnetite and wustite. Iron ore direct reduction is the process involved high temperature it is because temperatures will provide heat energy. Sufficient heat energy will ensure all stages of converted phase completely reacted. To analize heat energy inside of the speciemen, Ansys software was utilized to simulated iron ore direct reduction process. This simulation using agglomerate spherical and cilindrical form. Temperatures simulation take place at 900 into 1100 Celcius for 30 and 69 minute. This simulation also simulated carbon monoxide (CO) as reduction gas at 1 atm.

Keywords
Iron Ore; Direct Reduction; Heat Energy;Simulation

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mX4txbrMLPnR

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Ali Alhamidi

Institutions
a, b) Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, Banten
Jalan Jend. Sudirman Km.03, Banten 42435, Indonesia
*alhamidi[at]untirta.ac.id
c) Fluid Power Division, PT. Yerry Primatama Hosindo, Tangerang, Indonesia
d) PT. Wanatiara Persada, Halmahera, Maluku, Indonesia

Abstract
An Alumunium alloy (AA) 6061 was solution treated at 520 0C for 1.5 h and quenched in iced-water. The sample subsequently processed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) at 50% reduction in one cycle and aged at temperatures of 100, 150, 200 0C for 60, 300, 6000, 9000, 12000, 30000 and 60000 s. The hardness measurement was found that high hardness attained of ~54 HV for sample after cold rolled and subsequently aged up to 60000 s at 100 0C after ARB process. The SEM observation was also showed that the grain sizes were reduced to ~2 mm and the distribution of second-phase Mg2Si particles had become homogeneous. X-ray diffraction analysis by using high score plus software reveal that the significant increase in hardness and strength is due to the formation of second-phase and high micro-strain to 12.54 x 10-4 for sample after processed ARB and aged at low temperature.

Keywords
Alumunium Alloy 6061, Accumulative roll bonding (ARB), SEM, XRD

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cUYfayLJCXR4

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Syahid

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia

Abstract
Aluminium matrix composite reinforced Carbon Nano Tubes are widely developed because it can increase mechanical strength without reducing its ductility. One of the AMC / CNT manufacturing processes is through the stir casting method. The challenge of the Al / CNT manufacturing process is the occurrence of agglomeration and CNT not homogeneous so that the right casting parameters are needed to obtain optimal results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pouring temperature on the mechanical strength and microstructure of aluminium 6061 by adding Carbon Nanotube (CNT) through the stir casting method. The CNT is added by 0.1% wt and pouring temperature at 700 oC, 730 oC and 760 oC. Mechanical tests carried out were tensile test, hardness test, and impact test. The highest value of hardness and tensile strength was obtained at the pouring temperature of 700 oC are78 HV and 80.97 MPa. Lower pouring temperature causes smaller grain size so that it has higher strength. The distribution of hardness values at the top, middle and bottom of the specimen is not evenly distributed, but does not differ greatly for all pouring temperatures. The highest value of impact strength is obtained at the pouring temperature of 760 oC which is 0.128 J / mm2. Microstructure was shown the addition of CNTs caused the size of primary silicon and aluminium grains to be small which would increase the mechanical properties

Keywords
AMC, CNT, Stir Casting

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bzhvfdGjYN8U

Corresponding Author
Agus Pramono

Institutions
Department of Metallurgy Engineering


Department of Chemical Engineering

Indonesia-Center of Excellence for Food Security Untirta (I-CIFERY)

University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Km 3, Kotabumi, Kec. Purwakarta, Kota Cilegon, Banten 42435, Indonesia

PIU IDB, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa,
LPPM Building, 2nd floor, Jalan Raya Jakarta Km 4 Pakupatan, Serang – Banten Province, 42124, Indonesia

Abstract
The milkfish bones (chanos-chanos forsk/CCF) contains of: Ca 4%, P 3%, and protein 32%, it is necessary of processed new products so that the waste can be used optimally. The milkfish content contains various metallic elements which can be combined metallurgically with aluminum (Al) as a matrix and Titanium (Ti)/magnesium (Mg) as a wetting element which will give an interface between materials, so that it can be used as a composite material with material content of more than one type of matrix being a composite hybrid. Milkfish bone material is calcined at a temperature of 600 Celcius, and made into Hydroxyapatite. This material is made as reinforcement by mixing on Aluminum with Magnesium and lightweight metal as well, to be processed into hybrid composite material. The study refers to the influenced of the stress distribution at the process of composites based on milkfish calcination on the mechanical properties was produced by Self High Propagating Temperatures Synthesis (SHS) Method

Keywords
Milkfish bone, hybrid composites, Aluminum, SHS method, Stress Distribution and Hydroxiapatite

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9PFtzwyAkU2W

Corresponding Author
Bening Nurul Hidayah Kambuna

Institutions
a) Metallurgical engineering Department, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
*kambuna.bening[at]gmail.com
b) Metallurgical engineering Department, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
In the processing of nickel ore into ferronickel, simultaneously dust is produced in the rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace. The dust still contains nickel. Dust is formed into pellets and will be reused in rotary kiln for ferronickel production Ferronickel dust pellet is processed by reduction through addition of coal as much as 10% of pellet weight with a variation of reduction temperature at 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C to observe growth of ferronickel particles. Study of reduction of composite pellets, pellet of ferronickel plant dust are mixed with coal reductor as much as 10% of their weight and then reduced at temperature of 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C for 30 minutes. Reduction behavior of pellet can be analyzed with XRD and analysis of particle growth of ferronickel was observed by using optical microscope. At this temperature SiO2 reduced to Si and reacts with Fe to form Fe3Si. The length of ferronickel particles increases along with increase of temperature. At a temperature of 1000°C = 43μm, 1100°C = 152 μm, 1200°C = 419 μm, 1300°C = 736 μm, to 1400°C = 1426 μm. Increasing ferronickel particles showed that particle growth occurs on increasing the temperature.

Keywords
Rotary Kiln, Ferronickel Dust Pellet, coal, Particle Size of Ferronickel

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/g6qRTfxcCBQM

Corresponding Author
Suryana Suryana

Institutions
a) Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, 42435, Indonesia
*suryana[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
The effects of magnesium (Mg) addition on mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum matrix composite (AMC) have been investigated in this work. Aluminum ADC12/graphite was combined by Mg produced by stir casting. The effect of addition graphite into matrix has been studied with variation 2, 4, and 6 wt- % for each composites. The addition of Mg as wetting agent was introduced with 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt-% to promote wettability between ADC12 and graphite. All composites were characterized both microstructures analysis and mechanical properties include tensile strength and hardness. The higher reinforcement content, the higher porosity formed, due to the tendency of de-wetting as well as particles agglomeration. One of the main intermetallic phases present evenly in aluminum matrix is Mg2Si which was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The added Magnesium in the material that will form Mg2Si primary phases who have a high hardness value of these composites.

Keywords
Aluminum Matrix Composite; Wetting Agent; Graphite Reinforcement; Stir Casting; Microstructure Analysis; Mechanical Properties

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LKYfN438CjH6

Corresponding Author
Lutfy Faluthi Firdaus

Institutions
a) Metallurgy and Material Department, University of Indonesia
Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
b) AT Solusi Ltd.
Jakarta Selatan 12240, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Heat exchanger is a device which is used to transfer heat from one medium to another. When the tubes fail, the reliability of heat exchanger is affected. This paper investigates the probable causes of failure of the tube reboiler sour water stripper in a heat exchanger. In that context, visual observation, dimensional measurement, mechanical testing, metallographic examination, and chemical analysis are conducted as part of the investigative studies. Finally, it has been concluded that the tube has mainly failed due to sulphide stress corrosion cracking.

Keywords
Failure Analysis; Heat Exchanger; Tube Bundle; Stress Corrosion Cracking

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hkWrQgM2ewA8

Corresponding Author
yeni muriani zulaida

Institutions
Metallurgy Department, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jend Sudirman KM 3,5, 42435, Cilegon, Indonesia

Abstract
Making aluminum product use recycling beverage aluminum cans can reduce the cost of metal production compared to the primary process that starts from the smelting process. One of the manufacturing methods used to recycle aluminum waste is the casting process. Usually, the problem with castings is that they are not homogeneous in the as-cast due to segregation. So that in this study a homogenization process on recycling aluminum castings will be carried out to obtain more homogeneous mechanical properties and microstructure. Variables that influence are heating temperature and holding time during the homogenization process. In this research, the heating temperature used ranges from 500 C to 600 C, and the holding time used is 2 to 4 hours. The optimum condition in this study will obtain if mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and hardness, uniform at any castings location

Keywords
Aluminum, homogenization, recycling, beverage aluminum

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/whF8LvX9nGKx

Corresponding Author
Andinnie Juniarsih

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
There are two types of iron resources such as primary iron ore and iron sand. In general, primary iron ores use as raw materials in iron and steel making and can reduce directly. In Direct reduction process, Fe2O3 (hematite) is converted to metallic iron by the removal of oxygen. This work presents a kinetics study for direct reduction process of iron ore pellet. An investigation has been carried out of different reduction parameter such as differens sizes cylindrical geometry over temperatures ranging from 700oC to 1100oC for reaction time from 10 minutes to 1 hour. A number of different gas-solid reaction models was used to evaluate the reduction mechanism. The result was indicated that the initial reaction stage is chemically controlled which gradually transitions to diffusion controlled. The Arrhenius plot was used to determine the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the corresponding reactions, compared with available data in the literature

Keywords
Pellet Geometry, Kinetics, Reduction, Iron Ore, gas-solid reaction model

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bLNRcCpDgBXq

Corresponding Author
Alfirano Alfirano

Institutions
1. Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
*alfirano[at]untirta.ac.id
2. Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) Serpong

Abstract
Co-Cr-Mo alloys is one of the implant materials used to replace bone in humans. This material is widely used because they have excellent in corrosion and wear resistance. In this study, the effect of carbon and nitrogen on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The specimens of Co-Cr-Mo alloy were made by investment casting. The compositions of the alloys are Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.8Si-0.8Mn-0.8Fe-0,2Ni-(0.08-0.25)C-(0-0.2)N. After that process, microstructure of the alloys is characterized by, SEM and XRD testing using bulk and electrolytic extracted specimens. The mechanical properties were determined by tensile and hardness testing. The precipitate content in as-cast alloys was increased with the addition of carbon and nitrogen. The main precipitate formed in the specimens with variations in carbon and nitrogen is M2X type, π-phase, χ-phase, σ-phase, and M2X 6 . In addition, increasing in carbon and nitrogen content in the alloys, increased the value of hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength in as-cast Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.8Si-0.8Mn-0.8Fe-0.2Ni alloys.

Keywords
Co-Cr-Mo alloy, as-cast, alloy addition, carbon, nitrogen, precipitate, mechanical properties

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HwG6MLPazZT8

Corresponding Author
Galih Senopati

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been used widely for biomedical application, but its elastic modulus is still higher compared with human bone. Moreover, it contains V and Al that have been reported as toxic element. In this study new beta type Ti-6Mo-6Nb-xSn (0, 4, 8 wt.%) have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Sn addition on microstructural transformation, mechanical behaviour, and corrosion resistance of Ti-6mo-6Nb-xSn alloys. The Ti-6Mo-6Nb-xSn alloys produced by arc re-melting process and the obtain ingot were characterized using optical microscope, x-ray diffractometer, ultrasonic evaluation, vicker-s hardness tester, and polarization test to evaluate the corrosion resistance. The result showed that Ti-6Mo-6Nb-8Sn has the lowest elastic modulus and vickers hardness value. The Sn addition could suppress α phase formation. Ti-6Mo-6Nb-8Sn has lower corrosion rate compared to commercial Ti6Al4V.

Keywords
Ti-6Mo-6Nb-xSn, Arc Re-melting, Elastic Modulus, Corrosion Resistance

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bmcGP8DZHrMa

Corresponding Author
Didied Haryono

Institutions
1Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa,
Cilegon 42435, Banten, Indonesia 1
2Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia,
Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
3 Center for Non-Destructive Testing and Process Imaging (CNDTPI), CTECH Labs Edwar Technology,
Tangerang 15235, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
Metallurgical performance in flotation process can be expressed by recovery or grade. In column flotation process, recovery is affected by several factors including particle size and air flow rate. Particle size and air flow rate affect the interaction of mineral particles with air bubbles. Metallurgical performance of column flotation process can be determined by monitoring. Electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) used as a monitoring technology by utilizing the difference in permittivity values of objects in column flotation and producing volumetric and real-time images. Monitoring column flotation process was carried out to observe the effect of particle size and air flow rate on recovery and 3D image resulted by monitoring. Column flotation experiments were carried out on a column flotation laboratory scale with particle size variations of -80+100

Keywords
Column flotation, recovery, particle size, air flow rate, ECVT.

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hvHmMcCFpTRa

Corresponding Author
Soesaptri Oediyani

Institutions
a) Metallurgical Engineering Department, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Banten 42436 - Indonesia
*s_oediyani[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
Sphalerite is the most important mineral in the formation of zinc metal. According to regulation of Ministry ESDM No.5/2017 stated that the minimum grade of zinc concentrates to be exported is 51%. Therefore, it is necessary to do a beneficiation process for sphalerite ore to fulfill the requirements. Sphalerite is hydrophobic mineral, therefore it is the best way to processed sphalerite by flotation. Flotation is the process of concentrating valuable minerals from impurities based on the nature of the mineral surface. Column flotation is a flotation technology without an agitator as a producer of air bubbles like conventional flotation machines. Recovery is the most important factor in flotation and it shows the rate of acquisition of the flotation process. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of air flow rates (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 L / min.), percent solid (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%), dose of reagent frother (10, 20 , 30 and 40 ppm), and particle size of ore (-80 + 100

Keywords
local sphalerite ore, column flotation, recovery, frother, collector

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9r8yMvg7EJbR

Corresponding Author
Adinda Dita Dwi Lestari

Institutions
a) Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*adinda.dita[at]ui.ac.id
b) Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*anne[at]metal.ui.ac.id

Abstract
The fabrication and research of Aluminum AC4B matrix composites with the addition of Boron Carbide (B4C) reinforce was carried out with the aim of knowing its mechanical properties difference due to its toughness, good impact resistance, and high strength properties. In this fabrication and research, Aluminum AC4B act as the matrix in the composites which is given a variation of B4C reinforcement particle of 1 ; 3 ; 5 %Vf and also followed by the addition of 5 %wt Magnesium (Mg) as the wetting agent, 0.04 %wt Stronsium (Sr) as the modifier, and 0.15 %wt Al-5Ti-1B as the grain reinforcement through the stir casting process. To characterize each composites, two types of testing methods are carried out namely the destructive testing (such as tensile, hardness, impact, and ballistic testing) and the non-destructive testing (such as porosity and density, Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) testing). The mechanical properties difference of each composite is related to the interface bond between the matrix and the reinforcement added to the composites as the use of B4C reinforcement particle increase, so that it could produce high toughness, impact resistance, and strength.

Keywords
Aluminum composites; Boron carbide; AC4B; Stir casting

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/x8GzJXh2pgYw